I have had a fair number of people who don’t ride motorcycles (and some who do ride) ask me about lane splitting and some of them know about lane filtering. I always tell them both are valid riding tactics if applied properly and legally. But I figured I better do an article on the lane filtering vs lane splitting if I’m going to provide any advice on this at all.
Although they might seem similar, they have distinct differences that are crucial for safe and legal riding.
What Is Lane Filtering?
Lane filtering is a technique where a motorcycle rider moves between lanes or rows of slow-moving or stationary vehicles.
Typically, this occurs at intersections or during traffic jams when the traffic is moving very slowly or stopped. The primary goal of lane filtering is to reduce the time spent stationary in traffic and improve overall traffic flow.
How Lane Filtering Works
- Speed and Position: When lane filtering, riders typically travel at low speeds, often not exceeding 10-15 mph (16-24 km/h) faster than the surrounding traffic. The rider navigates between vehicles that are moving slowly or are stopped, usually aligning themselves between lanes of cars.
- Situational Use: Lane filtering is often employed in situations where traffic is congested but moving at a slow pace or stopped. This technique allows motorcyclists to progress through traffic more efficiently, reducing the overall time spent in a stationary position and reducing overall traffic congestion.
Legal Status
The legality of lane filtering varies significantly across different regions. For instance:
- Australia: Lane filtering is legal in most Australian states, including New South Wales, Queensland, and Victoria. Riders are permitted to filter through traffic at speeds up to 30 km/h (18.6 mph) and must exercise caution, particularly near intersections. NSW Road Rules offer detailed guidance on lane filtering.
- United Kingdom: Lane filtering is not explicitly legal or illegal, but it is generally considered acceptable under the term “filtering.” Riders should avoid excessive speed and be cautious of other road users. UK Highway Code provides guidance on safe riding practices.
- United States: Lane filtering laws vary by state. As of 2024, California is one of the few states where lane filtering is legal under specific conditions. The California Vehicle Code (Section 21658.1) provides guidelines on how filtering should be conducted.
What is Lane Splitting?
Lane splitting, sometimes referred to as white-lining, is the technique of riding a motorcycle between lanes of traffic moving in the same direction.
This is typically done at higher speeds than lane filtering and is more common in heavy traffic conditions.
How Lane Splitting Works
- Speed and Position: Lane splitting usually involves riding between lanes of vehicles that are moving at a moderate pace. Riders may split lanes at speeds comparable to or slightly higher than the surrounding traffic, but the specific speed regulations can vary.
- Situational Use: Lane splitting is often employed in situations where traffic is moving slowly, but the rider seeks to make more rapid progress. This method is more aggressive compared to lane filtering and is used to navigate through densely packed traffic.
Legal Status
The legality of lane splitting is less common than lane filtering and is heavily regulated:
- California, USA: Lane splitting is legal and regulated. Riders are allowed to split lanes when traffic is moving at 30 mph (48 km/h) or less, and they must not exceed 10 mph (16 km/h) faster than the surrounding traffic. California Highway Patrol provides official guidelines for lane splitting.
- Other US States: In most states, lane splitting is not explicitly legal and can sometimes result in traffic citations. You should consult local laws to ensure compliance.
- International: Lane splitting is legal in some other countries, such as parts of Europe. For example, it is legal in France and Italy under specific conditions.
Key Differences Between Lane Filtering and Lane Splitting
Context and Application
- Lane Filtering: Typically used when traffic is slow-moving or stopped, often at intersections.
- Lane Splitting: Used to navigate through lanes of moving traffic at higher speeds.
Speed Limits
- Lane Filtering: Generally involves slower speeds, often regulated to ensure safety.
- Lane Splitting: Can involve higher speeds, though regulations vary widely.
Legal Considerations
- Lane Filtering: More widely accepted and legally regulated in various jurisdictions.
- Lane Splitting: Less common and more often subject to legal restrictions or ambiguities.
Safety Implications
- Lane Filtering: Often considered safer as it typically occurs at lower speeds and involves cautious maneuvering.
- Lane Splitting: Can be riskier due to higher speeds and the need for precise control when navigating through moving traffic.
Safety Considerations
Both lane filtering and lane splitting come with their own set of safety considerations:
Awareness
Riders must be acutely aware of surrounding traffic conditions and the behavior of other drivers. Vehicles may unexpectedly change lanes or move, posing a risk to motorcyclists.
Visibility
Lane filtering requires good visibility to ensure that riders can see potential hazards, such as vehicles turning or opening doors.
Speed Management
Maintaining appropriate speeds is crucial for both techniques to minimize risk. Excessive speed can significantly increase the risk of accidents.
Vehicle Positioning
Proper positioning between lanes and in relation to other vehicles can help prevent collisions and ensure smoother navigation through traffic.
Final Thoughts on Lane Filtering and Lane Splitting
Lane filtering and lane splitting are techniques that can enhance the efficiency and convenience of motorcycle commuting, but they come with specific rules and safety considerations. Understanding the differences between these techniques, their legal status, and their implications for safety is essential for motorcyclists who wish to employ these methods effectively and legally.
Whether you are a rider or a driver, awareness and education about these practices contribute to a safer and more harmonious road environment. Always consult local regulations and stay informed about changes in traffic laws to ensure compliance and safety.
For further information on lane filtering and lane splitting, you can refer to the following resources:
By staying informed and practicing safe riding techniques, motorcyclists can navigate the roads more effectively and responsibly.
