The Triumph Bonneville is a motorcycle that has captured the hearts of riders for decades. From its beginnings linked to record-breaking speed runs at the Bonneville Salt Flats to its modern-day iterations, the Bonneville has been a symbol of British engineering and style.
This article will take you through its storied history, highlighting key moments and changes that have defined its journey.
Key Takeaways
- The Triumph Bonneville was named after the Bonneville Salt Flats, where it set a world speed record.
- Edward Turner was the mastermind behind the original design of the Bonneville, making it an instant classic.
- The 1960s saw the Bonneville dominate the US market, capturing over 50% of sales in the over-500cc category.
- Despite challenges from Japanese competitors in the 70s, the Bonneville continued to evolve with models like the T140.
- The Bonneville has been revived multiple times, with modern versions combining classic style with contemporary technology.
The Origins of the Triumph Bonneville
The Influence of the Bonneville Salt Flats
Back in 1956, the Bonneville Salt Flats in Utah were buzzing with excitement as Johnny Allen set a jaw-dropping speed record of 214.40 mph on a Triumph-powered streamliner. This wasn’t just any record; it was a moment that would shape motorcycle history.
Triumph, inspired by this incredible feat, decided to pay homage to the Salt Flats by naming their new model after it. Thus, the Bonneville was born. It wasn’t just about speed; it was about capturing the spirit of adventure and pushing boundaries.
Edward Turner’s Vision
Edward Turner, Triumph’s chief designer, had a vision that went beyond just creating a motorcycle. He wanted to craft an icon. With the launch of the Bonneville in 1959, he did just that.
Turner’s design was based on the successful T110 Tiger, featuring a 650cc parallel twin engine. This wasn’t just a bike; it was a statement of British engineering prowess. Turner’s vision was clear: combine performance with style to create a motorcycle that would stand the test of time.
The Launch of the T120
The T120 Bonneville made its grand debut at the Earls Court Bike Show in 1958. People didn’t just see a new bike; they witnessed the birth of what would become a legend.
The T120 was designed to be fast, reliable, and stylish. It quickly captured the hearts of motorcycling enthusiasts around the world. Despite its initial lukewarm reception, the Bonneville twin laid the groundwork for Triumph’s legacy.
By the end of the 1960s, the Bonneville had become synonymous with speed and style, dominating a special portion of the US market and setting the stage for future Triumph models.
The 1960s: A Decade of Dominance
The Rise of the Cafe Racer Culture
The 1960s was a transformative period for the Triumph Bonneville, especially with the rise of the cafe racer culture. Young riders, mainly in the UK, were drawn to the Bonneville’s sleek design and performance capabilities.
They began modifying their bikes to mimic the racing machines they admired, leading to the creation of the cafe racer style. These bikes were stripped down for speed, with low handlebars and elongated fuel tanks, making them perfect for quick rides between cafes. This trend turned the Bonneville into an icon of rebellion and freedom.
Technological Innovations
During this decade, Triumph made significant technological advancements that helped the Bonneville stand out. The introduction of unit construction engines in 1963 was a major leap.
This design integrated the engine and gearbox into a single unit, reducing weight and improving reliability. The Bonneville was also known for its twin-carburetor setup, which provided better fuel delivery and increased power. These innovations not only enhanced performance but also solidified the Bonneville’s reputation for engineering excellence.
Market Success in the United States
The Bonneville’s popularity wasn’t limited to the UK. Across the Atlantic, it captured the imagination of American riders, thanks in part to its association with speed and style.
The bike’s success in the U.S. market was bolstered by its performance in racing events, where it consistently outpaced competitors. Triumph capitalized on this by marketing the Bonneville as a high-performance motorcycle, appealing to enthusiasts seeking both speed and style. The 1960s saw the Bonneville become a symbol of cool in the United States, cementing its place in motorcycle history.
Challenges and Changes in the 1970s
The Impact of Japanese Competition
In the early 1970s, Triumph faced a significant challenge from Japanese motorcycle manufacturers. These companies were producing bikes that were not only faster but also more reliable than the classic Triumph models.
The 650cc Bonneville, once a leader in its class, was now struggling to keep up with these new competitors. This era marked a turning point for Triumph, as they realized the need to innovate to survive.
The Introduction of the T140
To respond to the competition, Triumph introduced the Bonneville T140. This model featured a larger engine, increasing from 724cc to 744cc, and eventually incorporated a five-speed transmission.
The T140V, released in 1973, was among the first to showcase these upgrades. Technological advancements like disc brakes were added, which were a significant step forward from the cable-operated drum brakes of previous models. This move was crucial for Triumph to stay relevant in a rapidly changing market.
The Formation of Norton Villiers Triumph
The financial struggles of the 1970s led to the formation of Norton Villiers Triumph (NVT) in 1973. This merger was an attempt to consolidate resources and revitalize the British motorcycle industry. However, the merger faced numerous obstacles, including labor disputes and financial instability.
Despite these challenges, NVT aimed to streamline production and improve the overall quality of their motorcycles. The creation of NVT was a pivotal moment, reflecting the broader struggles within the British motorcycle industry during this decade.
The 1980s: A Struggle for Survival
The Meriden Plant Closure
The 1980s were a tough time for Triumph, especially with the closure of the Meriden plant. This plant had been the heart of Triumph’s operations for years, and its shutdown in 1983 marked the end of an era. Workers had fought hard to keep it open, even forming a cooperative to try to save it.
But in the end, financial struggles and competition from Japanese manufacturers proved too much. This closure was a significant blow to the brand, affecting production and morale.
The Harris Bonneville Era
After the Meriden plant’s closure, Triumph’s production was taken over by Les Harris under a licensing agreement. This period, known as the Harris Bonneville era, saw the continuation of the Bonneville tradition, albeit on a smaller scale.
Harris Bonnies were built in Devon, England, and kept the classic Bonneville spirit alive. They weren’t produced in large numbers, but they maintained a loyal following. Enthusiasts appreciated the dedication to the original design and craftsmanship, even though the bikes faced challenges in meeting modern standards.
The T140W TSS and Technological Advances
During this turbulent decade, Triumph introduced the T140W TSS, an attempt to modernize the Bonneville. This model featured an eight-valve cylinder head, a significant technological leap for the brand.
It was designed to compete with more advanced Japanese bikes, offering improved performance and reliability. Despite these advances, the T140W TSS struggled to gain a foothold in the market. It was a valiant effort to keep the Triumph name alive, but it couldn’t fully offset the impact of the previous years’ setbacks.
In summary, the 1980s were a period of struggle for Triumph, marked by the closure of the Meriden plant, the Harris Bonneville’s niche appeal, and the T140W TSS’s technological attempts. Yet, through these challenges, Triumph’s legacy endured, setting the stage for future revivals.
The Resurgence in the 2000s
John Bloor’s Revival of Triumph
In the early 2000s, Triumph was at a crossroads. The brand had seen better days, but John Bloor had a plan. He wasn’t just a businessman; he was a visionary who believed in the iconic status of the Bonneville. Bloor invested heavily in research, design, and manufacturing.
His efforts were not in vain. The Bonneville made a triumphant return in 2000, capturing the hearts of both seasoned riders and a new generation. The revival was a blend of nostalgia and modernity, balancing the classic look with cutting-edge technology.
The Launch of the Modern Classics Range
With the Bonneville back in the spotlight, Triumph wasn’t going to stop there. They launched the Modern Classics Range, a lineup that paid homage to the past while embracing the future. These bikes weren’t just about looks; they were about performance.
Riders loved the blend of old-school charm and new-age engineering. The range included models that were versatile, stylish, and powerful, making them a hit on the streets. The Modern Classics Range wasn’t just a nod to the past; it was a statement of intent for the future.
The New Hinckley Plant
To keep up with demand and ensure quality, Triumph opened a new plant in Hinckley. This facility was state-of-the-art, and designed to handle the complexities of modern motorcycle manufacturing. The new plant allowed Triumph to streamline production, ensuring that each Bonneville was built to the highest standards.
This move not only improved efficiency but also reinforced Triumph’s commitment to quality and innovation. The Hinckley plant became a symbol of Triumph’s resurgence, a testament to the brand’s enduring legacy and its bright future.
The Modern Era: 2010s to Present
The Introduction of Fuel Injection
In the 2010s, the Triumph Bonneville underwent a significant transformation with the introduction of fuel injection. This change wasn’t just about keeping up with modern technology; it was a step towards improving efficiency and performance.
Fuel injection systems replaced the old carburetors, offering better fuel economy and smoother throttle response. Riders noticed the difference immediately, appreciating the more consistent ride and improved reliability.
The Expansion of the Bonneville Range
The Bonneville range expanded significantly during this period. Triumph introduced a variety of models catering to different tastes and preferences. The lineup included the classic T100, the more powerful T120, and the sporty Thruxton, among others.
Each model retained the iconic Bonneville look but came with modern features like ABS and traction control. This expansion helped Triumph appeal to a wider audience, ensuring that everyone from casual riders to performance enthusiasts could find a Bonneville that suited their needs.
Technological and Design Innovations
Technological advancements didn’t stop at fuel injection. Triumph incorporated a host of innovations into the Bonneville range. Features like ride-by-wire throttle, multiple riding modes, and advanced braking systems became standard. Design-wise, the Bonneville maintained its classic appeal while integrating modern elements.
The bikes were not only about performance but also about delivering an exceptional riding experience. The ergonomic design and comfortable seating made long rides more enjoyable, while the attention to detail in styling kept the Bonneville looking as timeless as ever.
Iconic Models and Special Editions
The Thruxton Legacy
The Thruxton, a name synonymous with the cafe racer culture, has been a staple in Triumph’s lineup. The modern Thruxton and Thruxton R, reintroduced in 2004 and revamped in 2015, keep the spirit alive with a powerful 1200cc engine.
They deliver high-performance thrills while maintaining a dynamic chassis and suspension setup. The Thruxton is a true icon of British motorcycle culture, embodying a perfect blend of tradition and modernity.
The T140J Silver Jubilee
In 1977, Triumph celebrated Queen Elizabeth II’s Silver Jubilee with the special edition T140J. This model featured unique paintwork and badges, making it a collector’s item.
It was a classic Bonneville in every sense, but with an added touch of royal flair. These bikes are rare gems today, cherished by enthusiasts who value both history and craftsmanship.
The T140LE Royal Wedding Edition
To commemorate the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer in 1981, Triumph released the T140LE. Limited to just 250 units, this model was adorned with special paint and decals, making it stand out from the regular Bonneville models.
The T140LE is more than just a motorcycle; it’s a piece of British history, capturing a moment of national celebration in its design.
These special editions and iconic models highlight Triumph’s ability to blend cultural significance with engineering excellence. Each model not only represents a milestone in Triumph’s history but also showcases the brand’s commitment to innovation and design.
Whether it’s the thrill of a Thruxton or the elegance of a Jubilee edition, these bikes continue to capture the imagination of riders worldwide.
The Triumph Bonneville in Popular Culture
Evel Knievel’s Famous Stunt
Evel Knievel, the daredevil known for his jaw-dropping motorcycle stunts, made the Triumph Bonneville a household name when he attempted his legendary jump over the fountains at Caesar’s Palace. Riding a Bonneville T120 TT Special, Knievel’s stunt captured the imagination of millions, despite the jump ending in a crash.
This moment cemented the Bonneville’s status as a symbol of fearless adventure. The spectacle of Knievel soaring through the air on a Bonneville became an enduring image in popular culture.
The Bonneville in Film and Television
The Triumph Bonneville isn’t just a motorcycle; it’s a star in its own right. It has appeared in countless films and TV shows, becoming synonymous with rebellion and cool.
In “The Great Escape,” Steve McQueen famously rode a Triumph disguised as a German bike in the iconic fence-jump scene. More recently, the Bonneville has been featured in modern classics like “The Matrix” and “Mission Impossible,” where its timeless design adds to the allure of action-packed sequences.
Celebrity Endorsements
Over the years, the Bonneville has been the ride of choice for many celebrities, further embedding it in popular culture. From rock legends like Bob Dylan, whose Triumph Bonneville is highlighted as a crucial part of his mystique, to contemporary actors like Ryan Reynolds, the bike’s appeal spans generations.
Dylan’s association with the Bonneville not only underscored his image of self-invention and freedom but also reinforced the motorcycle’s iconic status.
The Bonneville’s presence in movies and association with stars has kept it relevant and desirable, making it much more than just a mode of transport—it’s a cultural icon.
Its appearances in various media continue to inspire both new riders and long-time enthusiasts, ensuring its place in the spotlight for years to come.
The Bonneville’s Global Impact
Influence on Motorcycle Design Worldwide
The Triumph Bonneville has been a trendsetter in the motorcycle world. Its classic design, blending vintage aesthetics with modern performance, has inspired countless bikes across the globe.
Manufacturers from Europe to Asia have taken cues from the Bonneville’s timeless silhouette, integrating similar elements into their own models. This bike has truly shaped the look and feel of modern motorcycles, proving that a well-balanced design can transcend decades.
The Bonneville’s Role in Racing
Racing has always been in the Bonneville’s DNA. From its early days setting speed records at the Bonneville Salt Flats to its presence in various racing circuits, the Bonneville has shown its prowess on the track. Riders have long favored it for its reliable performance and speed.
Whether it’s in endurance races or classic bike competitions, the Bonneville continues to be a favorite among racers who appreciate its blend of power and agility.
The Community of Bonneville Enthusiasts
Owning a Bonneville is more than just having a motorcycle; it’s being part of a vibrant community. Enthusiasts around the world gather for rallies, share tips, and celebrate their love for this iconic bike.
Clubs dedicated to the Bonneville can be found from the United States to Australia, each hosting events that bring together riders from all walks of life. It’s not just a bike; it’s a lifestyle, fostering connections and friendships that span continents.
Technical Evolution of the Bonneville
The Triumph Bonneville, introduced in the late ’50s, has seen a fascinating evolution in its engine design. Initially, it sported a 650cc pre-unit parallel twin engine, which was quite the powerhouse for its time. As the years rolled on, Triumph kept tweaking and refining this engine.
The transition to unit construction in the early ’60s was a big deal. It made the bike more compact and improved its rigidity, which riders loved. Fast forward to the ’70s, the Bonneville T140 came along with a 744cc engine. It was a response to the growing competition from Japanese manufacturers.
This engine wasn’t just about more power; it also aimed to enhance reliability – a key concern back then. By the 2000s, the Bonneville was back with a 790cc engine, blending classic looks with modern tech. This blend of old and new made it a hit with both vintage enthusiasts and new riders alike.
The Bonneville’s chassis and suspension have also seen significant changes. In the early days, the focus was on creating a bike that could handle the demands of both road and track. The shift to a unit construction engine helped here, as it allowed for a more rigid frame.
In the ’70s, Triumph introduced the oil-in-frame design, which not only improved handling but also gave the bike a sleeker look. The ’80s saw further enhancements with the introduction of anti-vibration measures and better suspension components, making the ride smoother and more comfortable. As we moved into the modern era, the Bonneville’s suspension systems have become more sophisticated, with adjustable components that cater to a variety of riding styles.
These advancements have ensured that the Bonneville remains a joy to ride, whether you’re cruising down a highway or carving through twisty backroads.
Safety has always been a priority for Triumph, and the Bonneville is no exception. In its early years, the focus was on building a bike that was inherently stable and easy to control. As technology advanced, so did the safety features.
By the ’80s, the Bonneville was equipped with twin front brake discs, providing better stopping power. The addition of electric starting in some models was a welcome convenience and improved safety by making the bike easier to start in various conditions.
In recent years, Triumph has incorporated modern safety features like ABS and traction control, which are now standard on many models. These innovations reflect Triumph’s commitment to rider safety while maintaining the classic charm that the Bonneville is known for.
The Future of the Triumph Bonneville
Sustainability and Environmental Considerations
As we look to the future, sustainability is a big deal for the Triumph Bonneville. Motorcycle makers are under pressure to make their bikes more eco-friendly. Triumph is no exception, and they’re working on ways to cut emissions and improve fuel efficiency.
Electric motorcycles are becoming more popular, and we might see a hybrid or fully electric Bonneville soon. The focus is on reducing the carbon footprint while keeping that classic Bonneville feel.
Potential New Models and Innovations
Triumph is known for innovation, and the Bonneville line is no different. We could see new models with advanced tech like improved suspension systems or cutting-edge safety features.
The Bonneville might get a facelift with new designs that appeal to younger riders. With the rise of smart technology in vehicles, features like Bluetooth connectivity or integrated navigation systems might become standard.
The Legacy of the Bonneville
The Bonneville has a rich history, and its legacy is something Triumph is keen to preserve. As they look to the future, they’re focused on keeping the spirit of the Bonneville alive while adapting to modern trends. This means balancing classic design with new technology.
The Bonneville’s legacy is not just about the bike itself but also the community of enthusiasts who love it. Triumph aims to keep this community thriving by supporting events and gatherings where fans can celebrate their shared passion for this iconic motorcycle.
Conclusion
The Triumph Bonneville has been more than just a motorcycle; it’s a symbol of a bygone era and a testament to the enduring appeal of classic design.
From its inception in the late 1950s, inspired by record-breaking speed runs, to its modern iterations that blend vintage charm with contemporary technology, the Bonneville has captured the hearts of riders across generations.
Despite facing fierce competition and the challenges of changing times, it has managed to stay relevant and beloved. Whether you’re a seasoned rider or new to the world of motorcycles, the Bonneville offers a unique blend of history, style, and performance that continues to resonate.
It’s not just a bike; it’s a piece of living history that keeps rolling forward.
Frequently Asked Questions
When did Triumph first make the Bonneville?
Triumph first introduced the Bonneville in 1959. It was based on the T110 Tiger and featured a 650cc parallel twin engine.
When did the Bonneville switch to fuel injection?
The Bonneville switched to fuel injection in 2008 for British models. American models followed a year later.
What type of engine does the Bonneville have?
The Bonneville features a four-stroke parallel twin engine, designed for optimal performance.
Is the Bonneville a good bike for beginners?
Yes, the Bonneville has a comfortable riding position and is easy to handle, making it a good choice for new riders.
What makes the Bonneville special?
The Bonneville is known for its classic styling, great performance, and a rich history that dates back to its record-breaking roots.
How has the Bonneville changed over the years?
The Bonneville has evolved with modern technology like fuel injection while keeping its classic look and feel.
What is the Triumph Bonneville’s connection to the Bonneville Salt Flats?
The Bonneville is named after the Bonneville Salt Flats, where Triumph set a world speed record in 1956.
Who was Edward Turner?
Edward Turner was Triumph’s chief designer who played a key role in creating the original Bonneville.
Check out the latest Bonneville motorcycles on Triumph’s website.